Ch. 9 outline — The Internet

n  Chapter 9
The Internet

n  Media Then & Now

Ø  1972: Internet invented

Ø  1991: The Web is born

Ø  1995: Amazon.com

Ø  2000: Dot-com bust

Ø  2007: Web 2.0

Ø  2009: Google cyberattack

n  History: Spinning the Web

Ø  Atanasoff’s computer

Ø  Turing’s code cracker

Ø  ENIAC and the Cold War

Ø  Modems, WAN and LAN

Ø  ARPANET (1969)

n  The Web Is Born

Ø  Alto computer (Xerox)

Ø  Bill Gates: Microsoft

Ø  Steve Jobs: Apple

Ø  Videotex, AOL & BBSs

Ø  Internet & e-mail (1972)

Ø  Berners-Lee & HTML (1991)

n  The Dot-Com Boom

Ø  First browser: Mosaic

Ø  By 1995, commercial providers take over Net

Ø  Amazon.com, eBay,
Yahoo! and Google

Ø  AOL fades after merger

Ø  Dot-com bust in 2000

n  Reining in the Net

Ø  Net’s cultural impact

Ø  Communications Decency Act

Ø  Net as a threat to children

Ø  Cross-border communication

Ø  Intellectual property

Ø  Digital-divide issues

Ø  Control: ICAAN vs. U.N.

n  Old Media in Internet Age

Ø  Web competes against
conventional media

n  Google: new king of media

n  Craig’s List, file sharing, iPad

Ø  Old media’s new strategies

n  Online-only newspapers,
e-books, streaming video

n  Rise of Social Media

Ø  Web 2.0: users collaborate

n  Blogs, Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Twitter

Ø  Ads & PR hope to ‘go viral’

Ø  Low barriers to entry

Ø  Political movements (Occupy Wall Street)

Following Moore’s Law

Ø  Moore’s Law: computer processing capacity doubles every 18 months since 1960s

Ø  Metcalfe’s Law: Internet’s value increases rapidly
with the number of users

Ø   

Technology Trends

Ø  Technology in entertainment media and mobile devices

n  iPods, DVRs, Blu-Ray disks

Ø  CPUs and VLSI circuits

Ø  ‘Less is more’: tablets

Ø  ‘More is better’: Everyday objects connected to Net

n  Network Tech Trends          

Ø  Broadband

n  DSL, cable, fiber optic

n  BPL, using power lines

Ø  Wireless: 3G, 4G, WiFi

n  WiMAX and EV-DO

Ø  Internet2: faster Net for more than 200 universities

n  Internet Trends       

Ø  IP Version 6: more addresses

Ø  Cloud computing

Ø  Plug-ins: helper programs

Ø  Scripts: applications

Ø  New markup languages

Ø  HTML5

Ø  Tracking: privacy threats?

n   David vs. Goliath (Google)

Ø  Search engine

Ø  Serves up ads

Ø  Web portal

Ø  Software publisher

Ø  E-mail, video, other services

Ø  Facebook is gaining

The Next Big Thing?

n  Computer Toy Makers

Ø  Hardware

n  PCs and other computers

n  Storage devices

n  Printers & peripherals

Ø  PC leaders: Dell & H-P

Ø  Network gear: Cisco

n  Where Microsoft Rules

Ø  Most PCs run Microsoft operating system (Windows)

Ø  Microsoft dominates many applications (Word, browser)

Ø  Software often ‘bundled’

Ø  Freeware & shareware

Ø  Online applications

n  Internet Service Providers

Ø  Leaders: AT&T & Comcast (XFINITY)

Ø  Some ISPs (like AOL) are content providers, too

Ø  ISPs usually lease high-speed connections to Internet’s backbone

Ø  More than 400 ISPs in U.S.

n  Content Providers

Ø  Web pages are often made by in-house designers

Ø  Old and new media firms

Ø  Existing and new content

Ø  Independent designers, developers, programmers

Ø  Even Facebook users

n  Internet Organizations

Ø  Internet backbone: vBNS

Ø  Regional networks (MERIT)

Ø  ICANN & domain names

Ø  ISOC (the Internet Society)

Ø  W3C: sets Web standards

Ø  Internet Architecture Board

Ø  IETF: technical matters

Ø   

n   What’s on the Internet?

Ø  Web address: URL

Ø  Top-level domains

Ø  Each country has its own

Ø  Institutions: .edu, .org

Ø  Most of the ‘sizzle’: .com

n  Electronic Publishing

Ø  Print and Web-only content

n  New York Times

Ø  Magazines extend brand

n  Some online only

n  Amateurs’ blogs (’zines)

n  Corporate sites

Ø  E-government

Ø  Entertainment

File sharing or pirates

Ø  Legal downloads (iTunes)

Ø  Ad-supported models

n  Amateur & ‘Big Media’ videos

Ø  Streaming radio stations

Ø  YouTube and Hulu

Ø  Streaming cable TV

n   Online Games

Ø  MUDs: fantasy games

Ø  MMOs and MMORPGs

n  World of Warcraft

Ø  Second Life: social games

Ø  Casual games: FarmVille

Ø  Online gambling

n   Portals

Ø  ‘Launch pad’ for Net users

Ø  News & other content

Ø  E-mail & communication

Ø  Surveillance function

Ø  Advertisers see portals
as Web’s mass media

n  Social networking sites

Ø  Search Engines

Ø  Google as the giant

Ø  Yahoo! and Bing far behind

Ø  A ‘bot’ searches Internet

Ø  Results depend on keyword
placement & other factors

Ø  Specialized search engines

Ø  ‘Sponsored links’ are ads

n  Social Media and Blogs

Ø  Not just social networking

Ø  News and entertainment

Ø  Chat and communication

Ø  Tagging and sharing

Ø  Groupon, Digg, Twitter

Ø  Marketers track success of brands via social networks

n  Electronic Commerce

Ø  B to c (business to consumer)

Ø  Category killers (eToys)

Ø  Some e-tailers only online

Ø  Clicks-and-mortar operations

Ø  Auctions (eBay): c to c, for
consumer to consumer

Ø  Biggest category: b to b

n  A Good Web Page?

Ø  Contests & giveaways

Ø  Continual updates

Ø  Episodic storytelling

Ø  Attractive colors & layout

Ø  Short items preferred

Ø  Interactivity

Ø  ‘Cool’ design vs. usability

n  Does Info Want to Be Free?

Ø  Copyrights and patents

n  Digital Millennium
Copyright Act of 1998

Ø  Cut off free access

Ø  Follow iTunes model

Ø  Net neutrality

Ø  Creative Commons

n  Closing the Digital Divide

Ø  Gap: by race and income

Ø  Obama: put broadband in
90% of U.S. homes by 2020

Ø  Public computing centers

Ø  Cycle of poverty

Ø  U.S. lags other countries
in broadband penetration

n  Gov’t.: Hands Off or On?

Ø  Whether to tax e-commerce

Ø  Universal Service for Net

Ø  Protect children online

Ø  CANSPAM law

Ø  USA PATRIOT Act

Ø  Cyberwarfare, global issues

n  Online Safety

Ø  Phishing & other scams

Ø  Personal responsibility

n  Virus scanner, spam filter, spyware eraser

Ø  Use complex passwords

Ø  Don’t post personal info or party photos on Facebook